Apoplast of plant. 5. Apoplast element. Boron and calcium.

The Black-Box of Plant Apoplast Lipidomes

A New Role for the Apoplast

The intercellular spaces of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum 1.) stem parenchyma are filled with solution (determined by cryoscanning microscopy), which can be removed aseptically by centrifugation. It contained 12% sucrose (Suc; pH 5.5.) and yielded pure cultures of an acid-producing bacterium (approximately 10' bacterialml extracted fluid) on N-poor medium containing 10% Suc (pH 5.5). This ba...

ApoplastP: prediction of effectors and plant proteins in the apoplast using machine learning.

The plant apoplast is integral to intercellular signalling, transport and plant-pathogen interactions. Plant pathogens deliver effectors both into the apoplast and inside host cells, but no computational method currently exists to discriminate between these localizations. We present ApoplastP, the first method for predicting whether an effector or plant protein localizes to the apoplast. Apopla...

The battle in the apoplast: further insights into the roles of proteases and their inhibitors in plant–pathogen interactions

Upon host penetration, fungal pathogens secrete a plethora of effectors to promote disease, including proteases that degrade plant antimicrobial proteins, and protease inhibitors (PIs) that inhibit plant proteases with antimicrobial activity. Conversely, plants secrete proteases and PIs to protect themselves against pathogens or to mediate recognition of pathogen proteases and PIs, which leads ...

Concentrations of sucrose and nitrogenous compounds in the apoplast of developing soybean seed coats and embryos.

The apoplast of developing soybean (Glycine max cv Hodgson) embryos and seed coats was analyzed for sucrose, amino acids, ureides, nitrate, and ammonia. The apoplast concentration of amino acids and nitrate peaked during the most rapid stage of seed filling and declined sharply as the seed attained its maximum dry weight. Amino acids and nitrate accounted for 80 to 95% of the total nitrogen, wi...